The water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom arranged in a specific and important geometry. Several special properties make water an especially unique substance, and integral to the production of sediments and sedimentary rock. It also is a weathering and erosion agent, producing the grains that become detrital sedimentary rock. It is one of the main agents involved in creating the minerals in chemical sedimentary rock. Water plays a role in the formation of most sedimentary rock. Even though sedimentary rocks can form in drastically different ways, their origin and creation have one thing in common, water. This is because the majority of the Earth’s surface is made up of sedimentary rocks and their common predecessor, sediments. Sedimentary rock and the processes that create it, which include weathering, erosion, and lithification, are an integral part of understanding Earth Science.
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